The third population of the planet has signs of hypertension. Hypertension pressure causes stenosis and vascular damage and sometimes bleeding heart attack. Therefore, even healthy people are extremely important to know what the pressure is, what it affects, what indicators can be considered the rule, what numbers in the tonometer should serve as a signal for the initiation of treatment.The essence of the concept
Blood pressure is due to the power of its effect on the main and peripheral vessels. Pressure indicators depend directly on various factors:Vascular elasticity.Heart recommendations;The volume of blood pumped with a heart for a certain period of time.
The value of blood pressure (blood pressure) is common to write in the form of a relationship in which:The upper digit, high - systolic pressure (with heart contraction).The lower digit, lower - diastolic pressure (between heart contractions).
Blood pressure can change - by change in body position, during natural exercises, with nervous excessive, calm or after eating. If a person does not have health problems, after a short period of time the pressure stabilizes. With hypertension, its increased indicators have been maintained for some time. Hypertensive patients have sharp fluctuations in blood pressure. Normal after sleep, after eating can be increased, then decreased. Evening indicators usually exceed morning and at night sometimes fall abruptly.By analyzing blood pressure indicators, the highest value is usually associated with the upper number. It is increased systolic pressure that the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular pathologies in patients are over 50 years of age. In the vast majority of people, they grow over the years-I have been in the fact that the main arteries lose their elasticity and expose the atherosclerotic plaques. Rule and pathology
Blood pressure is an individual indicator, depending on age, surrounding conditions, accompanying pathologies and even from day time. But there are average medical indicators. Having discovered which pressure the patient has, the doctor determines - hypertension is or variant of the rule.Blood pressure in patients over 18 years of age
Pressure
Indicators, mm Hg. Art.
Indicators, mm Hg. Art.
Systolic
Diastolic
Optimal
Less than 120
Less than 80
Normal
To 130
To 85
Normally tall
Up to 140
Up to 90
1 degree of hypertension
Up to 160
Up to 100
2 degree of hypertension
To 180
To 110
3 degree of hypertension
Over 180
Over 110
Isolated systolic hypertension
Over 180
Less than 110
Systematic pressure control will help to avoid the serious consequences of hypertension, as pathological changes in indicators will be observed in time.Reasons for deviation from the rule
Blood pressure never changes for no reason. Its fluctuations can be caused by diseases of the cardiovascular, digestive, genital, traumatic brain injuries. But not always factors that cause change are due to pathologies. The development of blood pressure indicators often occurs due to:allergic reactions;stressful situations;hormonal failures.smoking;alcohol abuse;Dependence on weather conditions;taking some medicines.overwork;dehydration;Eating fatty foods.excessive amount of salt consumed;Possibility or, on the contrary, physical pressure.
The reason for increasing pressure can be changes related to age in the body and hereditary predisposition.Clinical events
Increased blood pressure is very noticeable. Visual symptoms of pathological changes are more likely to serve:Acute headache (usually in the temples and back of the head), often accompanied by vomiting reflexes.Redness of the skin (sometimes boats occur).It is pronounced weakness, noise in the ears, flies in front of the eyes.Eye proteins redness (sometimes violation of visual acuity).Dyspnoea?pain behind the sternum.chills;insomnia;Heart heart pulse?Increased sweating.
In the presence of such symptoms, consult a doctor. Early hypertension is dangerous asymptomatic. A person sometimes does not even think of the fact that he may have increased pressure. With increased diet pressure, it is necessary to include products that can effectively break fats and prevent thrombosis.Diagnosis
After 20 years, it is recommended to measure pressure during exams. If it is higher than the rule, the doctor defines additional tests. A high index does not always show the presence of hypertension. The disease is diagnosed if increased indicators with several consecutive tests are observed, as well as if they are maintained after three units of compliance with the doctor's instructions to adapt the lifestyle.Self -diagnosis in the pulseWithout a medical device, it is impossible to determine the pressure indicators accurately, but the presence of negative changes can be considered by the pulse. With the application of the ring and index to the carbon artery, the number of turns of the heart in 30 seconds must be calculated and multiply the resulting shape by two (the number of beats per minute). The pulse equal to 60-80 shots is considered normal. With increased pressure, the pulse is felt without difficulty. If you have a heart rate monitoring you can use it.Using a the romimeterVarious types of funds are used to accurately measure blood pressure. The structures of the device are distinguished from the beginning of the action. The mercury cashbacks were replaced by spiritual and then electronic devices. The latter can easily use any person who does not even have medical training. They are characterized by compact, accuracy and ease of use. Usually, such funds show not only the systolic and diastolic pressure indicators, but also the frequency of pulses. At the same time, previous measurements "remember" with which experts monitor the dynamics of changes in blood pressure indicators in each particular patient.Bleeding rightsBlood pressure measurement should be approached with maximum care. This applies to both the experts and the patients themselves monitoring the level of pressure. There are certain rules:On the day before the measurement, you should abandon the tonic drink and smoking.On the day of measurement, you should not use eye and nasal drops.Measure the pressure half an hour after eating.Before applying his cuff, the Tonometer, the patient should take a convenient position by placing a loose hand on a flat hard surface.The cuff should be placed in the middle of the shoulder. From below its edge should be 2, 5 cm from the elbow deepening. The air pipes must be along the middle line of the shoulder.Between the cuff, which is at the same level as the heart, and the shoulder must be left the gap in which the finger is easily placed.During the operation of the terrible, absolute calm must be maintained.
First, experts recommend the pressure measurement in both hands, then only to the one that "gives" the highest indicators. If the measurement is conducted outside the walls of the medical institution, the patient is recommended to make a "accounting" notebook and introduce the day, time and measurements. How often to make measurements, the doctor determines. Possible consequences
High blood pressure with hypertension is full of hypertensive crises - sudden jumps of indicator at critical. Such states cause a sharp extension of blood vessels that can be broken. In a series of consequences, hypertension is distinguished:Eye problems (reduction of visual acuity, bleeding).kidney failure;Heart ischemia.syncope;angina pectoris;rap;A heart attack?inability;swelling of light and brain.death.
At the risk of aneurysm aneurysm, it is recommended to hit the pressure as quickly as possible. And with brain disorders, this must be done without hurry, otherwise they will worsen.High blood pressure often causes a disability and even the death of the patient.Reaction to the house
With hypertensive crisis (the higher pressure above 200 mm Hg), you should urgently call an ambulance group and, before arriving, start taking measures to eliminate the symptoms. With a moderate increase in pressure, you can act independently.Warning measuresIf signs of increased pressure occur, it is necessary to measure its indicators. Headache, nausea, weakness can happen for other reasons. If the pressure is truly increased, it follows:To ensure peace, reduction and silence (including work space).Provides access for fresh air. To lie down, increasing your head (at work, if there is no way, they sit comfortably).Respiratory exercises (diaphragmatic breathing focuses on exhalation).Massage the collar belt and head (it is desirable for relatives or friends to do that).Drink a diuretic broth (parsley, lingonberry, green or kidney tea, rose).
These measures slowly reduce pressure and are more likely to prevent the development of complications. If they do not help, you should contact a cardiologist.Rapid effectPatients with active lifestyle often address the problem of rapid reduction in pressure. Medicines can do this, but they should be carefully used - in order to avoid an overdose, very quickly reduced pressure and other complications. The treating doctor must prescribe medicines. Pressure quickly and by reducing pressure will help:peace;Cooling compression on the head;Warm baths for extremities (not hot! ). You can use a container with water or a heating pillow, mustard.PHYTOCHAI salt (valerian, motherwort, chamomile, mint, lemon balm).
In the absence of the expected result, the measures mentioned are complemented by medicines.Homemade first kit -With regular population problems with pressure on the composition of the Cabinet of Domestic Medicine, they should always be special medicines.The absence of medicines can be offset by the use of a "stable" drug, but the result will only be felt after an hour or two after taking. Acceptance of pharmaceuticals, follows: Use only the funds designated by the doctor.Do not mix drugs.Dissolve the "Emergency Care" tablets, and not swallow.Take the medicine lie (after taking, stay horizontally for another 30 minutes). If necessary, you should get up slowly.
When accepting pharmaceuticals, it is necessary to pay attention to contraindications and side effects.Inevitable restrictionsWith increased pressure to avoid developing negative consequences, it is necessary to comply with certain restrictions:Within 24 hours after pressure stabilization, avoid increased physical activity.Avoid the psycho -emotional overload, with the inevitable appearance of stressful situations, take tranquilizers.Refuse the use of alcohol, drinks and smoking containing caffeine.
It should be excluded from the diet for fatty and very salty foods (smoked meats, canned foods - including). After normalizing the pressure for a few days, the amount of fluid consumed should be limited.The treatment of hypertension depends on the type of increased pressure, as well as the phases of the pathological process. It is possible to use combined and monotherapy. After a thorough diagnosis and drug prescription, the cardiologist will make recommendations to maintain pressure on the normal, as well as to measures needed when it has a sharp increase.
